Plot summary (can contain spoilers!):
Dante Alighieri's "De Vulgari Eloquentia," written in the early 14th century, is a seminal work that seeks to establish a theory of the vernacular language and its legitimacy as a medium for literature, particularly in contrast to the established Latin. The text is structured as a philosophical examination of language, and it emphasizes the potential richness and expressiveness of the vernacular, which Dante feels deserves recognition alongside classical languages. He explores the various dialects spoken throughout Italy and considers how they can be unified into a literary language that reflects the culture and identity of the Italian people.
In this treatise, Dante outlines what he believes constitutes an ideal vernacular, arguing that it should possess qualities of elegance and clarity, while also being accessible to the common people. He discusses the notion of "poetic nobility," suggesting that a literary language must elevate the vernacular above mere colloquial speech without losing its connection to the everyday lives of its speakers. Throughout the text, he acknowledges the historic role of Latin in the literary world but insists on the importance of developing a native literary tradition in Italy that can stand on its own.
Dante also examines the impact of dialects on the formation of a unified Italian literary voice. He reflects on the differences between spoken dialects and emphasizes the necessity for poets and writers to strive for a consensus among these variants in order to create a cohesive vernacular language. The work serves not only as a defense of the vernacular but also as a practical guide for writers aiming to achieve such a linguistic harmony, which Dante considers essential for the advancement of Italian literature.
Ultimately, "De Vulgari Eloquentia" is not just an exploration of language but also a profound commentary on cultural identity, artistic expression, and the transformative power of words. Through Dante's insightful reflections, the reader gains a deeper understanding of the complexities surrounding language and literature in the context of 14th-century Italy, making this work a crucial landmark in the history of linguistics and literary theory.